During the cruise, however, the wing can stop the reciprocating motion and function as a fixed-wing, with its operation attaining the performance of the fixed-wing of a conventional airplane. The reciprocating wing is shaped like a fixed-wing and produces lift for vertical takeoff and landing as well as hovering. The airfoil moves back and forth within a sufficiently long stroke, and near each dead-end of the stroke, it is actuated to rotate at an angle while reversing the direction with a positive effective angle of attack (AoA) to produce lift. The reciprocating airfoil (RA) works in cycles, each including a forward and a reverse stroke ( Figure 4). The results of this study indicate that the Selig S1223 airfoil profile, due to its superior performance at low Reynolds numbers, high-lift, and reduced noise characteristics at low angles of attack, combined with the use of the high strength carbon fiber, proves to be an excellent choice for this RA-driven aircraft application. The structural stress and strain determined under the loading conditions were satisfactory and the designed wing could sustain the high reciprocating inertia forces in the RA-driven VTOL UAV module. The wing was designed in SolidWorks, while finite element analysis was performed with ANSYS mechanical in conjunction with the inertia forces due to the reciprocating motion of the wing and the lift and drag forces that were derived from the aerodynamic wing analyses. The material selected for the wing structures including ribs, spars, and skin, was high-strength carbon fiber. This research focused on the structural design and analysis of a high-lift, low Reynolds number airfoil profile, the Selig S1223, under reciprocating inertial force loading, to determine the feasibility of its use in a new reciprocating airfoil (RA) driven VTOL UAV. In the design stage of an aircraft, structural analyses are commonly employed to test the integrity of the aircraft components to demonstrate the capability of the structural elements to withstand what they are designed for, as well as predict potential failure of the components.
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